Migraine Headache

What is Migraine?

Migraine headache is a condition that is characterized by a disabling headache attack in which the pain is described as pounding and located on one side of the head. The discomfort generally lasts between 4-72 hours and is often preceded by an aura (usually a visual disturbance like zigzagging lights or temporary blindness) and accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Approximately 30 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with migraine. In adulthood, women (15-17% of US population) are more commonly affected than men (6% of US population); however, the reverse is true in children. Migraine is generally seen in patients between the ages of 25-55. There are many recognized migraine triggers. A recent study indicates that migraines may be precipitated by stress, hormonal imbalance, failure to regularly consume food, weather, difficulty sleeping, olfactory stimulants, neck pain, lights, alcohol, smoke, sleeping-in, heat, exercise, and sexual activity. The cause of migraine is not yet fully understood; however, there are several well established theories. Although the condition was once believed to be purely vascular in nature, research indicates the possibility of biochemical and neurogenic etiologies. Additionally, migraine related genetic factors have been identified. One author describes migraine as “the manifestation of hereditary or predisposed sensitivity of neurovascular reactions to certain stimuli or cyclic changes in the central nervous system.”

How is Migraine diagnosed?

The International Headache Society set forth a series of criteria for the diagnosis of headache in 1988. There is specific information the doctor will gather to confirm the diagnosis of migraine. The doctor will take a detailed history in order to find out the location, frequency, duration of the headaches. The doctor will also perform a physical exam that will most likely focus on the head and neck. Sometimes tests such as MRI or CT will be ordered to determine if there is a serious underlying cause for the headaches.

What are the options for treating migraine?

Effectively treating migraine requires a multimodal approach. When at all possible, find a treatment plan that is minimally invasive without drugs or surgery. More invasive options should only be entertained after the conservative methods fail to produce the desired result. Our clinic offers an evidence based treatment strategy that consists of chiropractic joint adjustments (also known as joint manipulation). Exercise counseling, soft tissue techniques, physiotherapy, behavior modification counseling, herbal therapies and nutritional counseling. Although acupuncture is not offered at Lehigh Valley Chiropractic, this conservative method may provide benefit and is worth looking in to. On the less conservative end of the spectrum are medications for the prevention and treatment of migraine. Talk to your health care provider about the strategy that will best suit your needs. The best approach to treating migraine is one that is individualized.

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References

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